DECONSTRUCTION- derrida

A Paper

DECONSTRUCTION

Submitted to fulfill the assignment of General Philosophy

Lectrurer:

Dr. Zainul Adzfar, M. Ag

                            

                                                                

 

Written by:

Dliyaul fahmi (134211069)

TAFSIR HADIS DEPARTMENT

SPECIAL PROGRAM OF USULUDDIN FACULTY

STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) WALISONGO SEMARANG

2014

 

A.    Introduction

Philosophy and language, a problem that characterized the 20^th-century philosophy is language, a temporary problem that characterized 19th-century philosophy is history. "Every philosophy is a critique of language ". says the book Tractatus Logico Wittegenstein-philsophicus, 40 031). What to say Wittegenstein proven through search of some school that addresses the question of language philosophy as analytic philosophy in English, neoposititivisme, fenomotologi, structuralism in the philosophy of Heidegger in France and Germany.

The developments in philosophy, creating a range of new thoughts and new criticism of the philosophy used at the time. Deconstruction is one of the things from the philosophy of mind. At first deconstruction is a way or method to read the text, right up on the next trip, highly charged philosophical deconstruction.

On Deconstruction , we will try to display the philosophy Deconstruction of Jacques Derrida an associated philosophers thought.

B.     Biography

Jacques Derrida was born on July 15, 1930 in the district of El - Biar, near Algeria. In 1949, difase teen , 19 years Derrida moved to France , to attend school draftee and the Ecole Normale Superieure ( REU d' Ulm ) in Paris . His parents named Aimé Derrida and Georgette Sultana Esther Safar, married in 1923 and in 1925 Rene Derrida ( son of Aimé and Georgette ) was born four years later Paul Derrida (brother Rene ) was born . But three months later, Paul died. In 1930 Jackie Derrida birth. In later life he call himself "Jacques". Throughout his life he suspect that he is just a substitute or complement the absence of Paul, his sister . Derrida was a Jewish ancestry . At age 25 stomping , Derrida is able pierces his writing in a leading French journal Tel Quel . In 1956-1957 Derrida receive a scholarship to Harvard University to study . Derrida was also a regular lecturer in the philosophy of science subjects École Normale Superieure ( REU d' Ulm ) in Parisselam the period 1967-1984.

In 1981 he was appointed as director of the College International de philosophie , in 1974 he joined the GREPH ( Groupe de Recherche sue I'enseignement philosophique ) , at the same time , Derrida also routinely been guest lecturer at Yale University, the United States and sometimes become Visiting Professor at Jhonhopkins University, Cornell University and the University of California at Irvine . Derrida doctor honoris causa a degree at the University of Cambridge, after the acquisition of the title doctor of philosophy published books are very conventional. On that basis, he also held the title of professor of philosophy at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris . On October 9, 2004, d he died at the age of 74 due to cancer disease.

C.     Deconstruction

Deconstruction is seen from the dregs of etymology is always there between "criticism" and "literary criticism", the note is the fact that the radical shifts that occurred in the interpretative thoughts always come blocking the visible boundaries of the absurd. According to Jacques Derrida's philosophy is evil in the world that always makes it suspicious. What is it?.
He said the philosophy has always tended to be a general search terms for unit - nit concrete nature (Craving for generality). In other words, philosophical unions often find meaning / understanding of things diverse, finding similarities in differences, or create unity in plurality (Craving for unity). Disadvantages of this philosophy, lies in the limitations of language or language game (language game), while filusuf that was peeling problem is Wittgenstein in his second work period: Philosopical Investigation.

For Derrida, the Western philosophy tend to find the term , the meaning or the meaning of a general nature such as generalization or homogenizing , this is a heritage - western philosophy since ancient greece to modern century . By doing so, Derrida assume it was dangerous and the danger of course is the text / font and the survival of the reader in understanding. Text / writing of the history of Western philosophy, metaphysics much nourish - the presence or presence is hidden, hidden presence, unseen subjects, that - there, Being or Dasein. Since that's the case, causing the mind of the reader is always truncated by the case of metaphysics, etc. THINGS WITHOUT presence.

In Derrida's suspicious, consider Aristotelian logic (especially Aristotelian syllogism categories ) as a cause of plants rich in metaphysics , and the presence of others . While logic is generally referred to as the law of identity and not only inherited the knowledge of mathematics and languages, from social sciences and philosophy were also inherited. In the language sciences, social and philosophical, text reader death surrounded by the contradiction between the logic and the language. This is why Derrida's willing to find a target that is a language can fight a thought.

The logic of identity:

a.         Law of identity : What is his own ;

b.        Law of contradiction : A thing , right and wrong are not possible while at the same time ;

c.         Law displacing the middle : Everything is stated as a specific or not at all

Syllogism categories:

If A = B, B = C then A = C. Here occur such provisions should take such principles; major premise, minor premise and a conclusion.
Let's see Derrida protest against logic and syllogism Identity categories

Logic Identity:

a.    Law identity : What is not necessarily equal to itself ;

b.   Law of Contradiction : a case , it may be right and wrong while at the same

c.     Appropriation Law of middle ground: Between two specific categories of all things to the contrary can be created a middle or third way.

 syllogism categories:

If A = B then A = B true ? and how to prove that A = B ?.

Look of it all, it seems Derrida wants banging with inductive deductive knowledge, but the real problem is to be demolished Derrida historical inheritance or as logical syllogism Categories centuries identity that permeated into all areas of science, especially the science of language and philosophy. Derrida's philosophy of deconstruction always start it, from things that are not thought of at all or things that should not be considered.

In addition, the emergence of self-deconstruction Derrida's thought is not to fight logosentrisme philosophy and barriers meanings in all science, especially audiolingual  especially that contained in the text. In general, the earlier philosophers cogitation ideas through writing, while writing can’t be separated from the language, but most of them are more ambitious release status as white writing and thinking out of the physical framework of language which they used to gain understanding or absolutes. Therefore, according to Derrida, all of it will only to gather rupture the meaning contained in the writings and their language.

This is where the purpose of deconstruction Derrida, to find that there is in the manifestation of lack of meaning, according to Derrida Behind that there is a philosophical text, not a void, but a different text, a diverse network of central forces which reference is not clear.

 Although the philosophy of deconstruction is somewhat difficult to decipher Derrrida even gave complicated elaborated, students of philosophy in various parts of the world to feel grateful to him, because of the thought that has been poured and amendable to imperiall by Derrida. When asked, how the concept of deconstruction can be applied when we are dealing with text?. At least we can see in Rodolphe Gasche, The Tain of the Mirror: Derrida and the Philosophy of Reflection, which is trying to systematize the deconstruction steps. First, identify the hierarchy of the opposition in the text. Second, oppositions were reversed by demonstrating the interdependence between conflicting. Third, to introduce a new term or idea that it can’t be put into the category of the old opposition.

REFERENCE

Jacques Derrida, Dekostruksi Spritual

Membongkar Teori Dekonstruksi Jacques Derrida