A
Paper
HERMENEUTIK AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL
HUMANITIES
Submitted
to fulfill the assignment of General Hermeneutik
Lectrurer:
Dr.
Zainul Adzfar, M. Ag
Written
by:
Dliyaul
fahmi (134211069)
TAFSIR
HADIS DEPARTMENT
SPECIAL
PROGRAM OF USULUDDIN FACULTY
STATE
INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (IAIN) WALISONGO SEMARANG
2014
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Given the rapid
development of the methods offered to reveal a phenomenon that occurs in the
world, or can be called by history, covering various aspects such as sample
aspects of life, nature, art, culture and others, making a special attraction
to know the events that passed pretext past.
Thereby stimulating
the curiosity to know who is so strong from all walks of life are trying to
find to the purity of the actions that take place continuously from the past to
the present. Therefore Hermeneutic
method was presented for open discourse
unmasked buried in history.
One of the
figures who pioneered a method to solve these problems is known as a
philosopher and the historian Wilhelm Dilthey. So for that we will try to
explain as well as offering a method that in life, as best as we can. Besides
this paper, we arrange to meet college t Tasks gems we received.
B.
Formulation of
the problem
1.
Biography of
Wilhelm Dilthey
2.
Hermeneutics
and Science humanity in view of Wilhelm Dilthey
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
1 Biography of Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey
was born in Biebrich, Wiesbaden, Germany Confederation, 19 November 1833, her
father was a pastor and preacher, according to the tradition of his family
lived for generations, he is a liberal adopts and Protestant theology, besides
that Dilthey also includes a person who religious. Since his childhood, he
already looks very interest in history and politics. His mother was the
daughter of a music conductor and his mother was also very fond of music.
Dilthey inherited interest in music from his family, it is seen that during his
time being a student he studied music composition and enjoyed playing the
piano. Essay first published in book form in 1932 made it into German under
the title Of Poetry and Music[1].
He graduated
from the grammar in Wiesbaden in 1852, Dilthey continuing education Theology in
Heidelberg for a year. When studying at Heidelberg, he was mentored by Fischer.
Then he moved to the University of Berlin and for there to be guided by Adolf
Trendelenburg Dilthey and Ranke[2].
At first a Dilthey interested in being a pastor, followed his father's
footsteps. But after meeting with eminent historians such as Jacob Grimm and
Leopold von Ranke and turned their sights more attracted to than philosophy and history.
In 1864 Dilthey
obtain his doctorate and later served as Professor of Philosophy at the
University of Basel in 1867, the same year he published the results of his work
is at once a biography titled Sehleiermacher (Das Leben Schleiermacher)[3].
In the year 1868-1870 at the University of Kiel and in Breslau in 1981 he also
served as a Professor. After a long wandering in search is science, he then
returned to Berlin to replace Herman Lotze in 1882-1905 as the oldest teacher[4].
Nonetheless
Wilhelm Dilthey is not so in the know, compared to those whose names are known
as intellectuals. Another country of origin, he was known as a philosopher as
well as those of skill in the field of philosophical hermeneutics, he also has
a big hand in that. It is relatively unknown people, because people see
themselves from another point of view as a historical researcher, his efforts
to appear as a collection of works in which are arranged in seven volume, especially
with regard to the historical understanding of the research[5].
He died at six am Schlern, Austria-Hungary, October 1, 1911 at the age of 77
years[6].
2 Hermeneutics and Science humanity in
view of Wilhelm Dilthey
Departing from
Wilhelm Dilthey's ambition to develop a new epistemological basis for the
judgment of history, as seen from the background is a philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey
concerned with history as well known as a historian, he assumes that the
prior-previous philosophical view on something is not comprehensive and is
still affected by metaphysical dogma and still rich with prejudices method[7].
So that makes the basic foundation to develop a new epistemological basis for
consideration in the history of philosophical ideas.
Hermeneutic
method developed by Wilhelm Dilthey an objective hermeneutics, in conjuction
with the text as an object in the review, to opening a destiny understanding
the intent of a text that is the same as understanding the author. Not far from
the interpretation offered by Friedrick Schleiermacher (1768-1834), given
Schleiermacher including Hermeneut with objective methods, argues that what it
is called Text is an expression of the soul of the author[8].
In view to
assessing Geisteswisswienschaften Dilthey, Hermeneutics objective it is
necessary to use the article of hermeneutics is the basis for understanding the
specifics about the individual's involvement in public life and classified as
humanitarian disciplines. In general Geisteswisswienschaften into the history
of science discussion section, which is juxtaposed with Naturwissenschaften or
can be called with terminology natural
science, the study of the history of science Dilthey distinguish these two
things are sharp, as these two things have a role and wording of each in the
corridor scope. Although different, according to Dilthey's Naturwissenschaften
Geisteswisswienschaften and interdependence, as the phrase "Life is full
of meaning" he explained, when we try to explain the universe, then we
also understand spiritual
life[9].
Because
Geisteswisswienschaften discuss about the inner life of human beings or human
beings in general, the scope of the discussion covers the history, psychology,
philosophy, social science, art, religion, literature and other sciences are
included in is discussed. Besides that. according to Dilthey because
Geisteswisswienschaften a science-the science of life[10],
which can’t be treated as
scientific methods of exact science, because the science dealing with human
life, which tends to have
the quality character of feksibel may change at any time with
an unknown timeline and also because humans are living things evolved.
Unlike the
Naturwissenschaften or natural sciences challenge the discussion about the
physical nature such as biology, chemistry, physics and sciences related to
this field[11],
as well as all kinds of science that uses the scientific method of induction
and the results of experiments that can be known with certainty by using methods.
To apply
Geisteswisswienschaften to find understanding for others, step to understand
ourselves first is an absolute must. An experience of life depends on the
experiences of the mind itself, while the word "experience" is the
purpose of Dilthey is a living experience in a sense that is contained in the
timeline, which form a unity because having meanings unify interrelated. In a
general sense, any entity that includes the parts of life that are united by a
bond in the flow of life, giving rise to a sense of the diverse shades because
of a connection, for example: the experiences of friendship, love, revolution,
beauty, pain, ambition , frustration, experiences is a small sample of inner experience that is rich in
meaning. Interrelated interactions, relationships that have led to the
emergence of meaning, so that the human self can get to know each so on and this real
difference between humans and animals[12].
In this case
Dilthey gives a sense of meaning and underline the difference between the word
"experience" in German is called "Erfahrung" with the word
"Experience" or in German language "Erlebnis", the word
derived from the verb "erleben" meaningful experience. The word
Erlebnis basically do not include the standard language and rarely used German
society in general. After Dilthey use the word to mark a distinction between
the meaning and interpretation of two words before, then the word
"Erlebnis" into words and meanings specific to mark the difference to
understand the meaning and interpretation between the ordinary experiences of
each person with experiences included in Geisteswisswienschaften which requires
special methodology in understanding it. Dilthey effort in applying the method
of objective hermeneutics concerns about the assessment of individual knowledge
and knowledge about human existence of this singularity, aims to make these
problems can be solved by using scientific methods[13].
One thing that
is very unusual, if we can understand what the other person just the
appreciation of their experiences. Particularly related in history, as
described above, that the consciousness of self is the most absolute, while
others will understand. Dilthey strengthen the statement, that the gain of the
human experience is the product of external factors, which include family,
culture and values that differ from one place to another Setra influenced by
a certain timeline.
Dilthey added,
an important step for the basic epistemology of the human sciences, is the
transition from the structure of continuity in the individual's life
experiences to historical continuity, which is not experienced by any
individual that it becomes whole[14].
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
- Conclusions
Philosopher in his lifetime which gives it much greater
knowledge in understanding life as a whole.
Philosophy of
life Dilthey explains that life is a complete unity of the various aspects of
the surrounding. Life is not only limited to religious dogma and human
experience, but life is a series of events that converge in the history of life
itself.
Humanities
(geisteswissenschaften) Dilthey explains that every human being is bound to the
life history of each. Required a comprehensive understanding to explain the
thinking and the series of events that occurred the history of life itself.
Therefore, the history of the foundation of the world in the study of human
interpretation and understanding is the key to the interpretation.
B.
references.
E.Sumaryono, "Hermeneutik,
Sebuah Metode Filsafat", (Yogyakarta: Percetakan Kanisius, 1993),
Hans-Georg Gadamer,
Truth and Method "Kebenaran dan Metode,Pengantar filsafat Hermeneutika"
( Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset, 2004).
Muhammad Aji Nugroho,
”HERMENEUTIKAAL-QUR’ANHASAN HANAFI”, http:// www.e-bookspdf.org/download/hasan-hanafi.html
Richard E.Palmer,
"Hermeneutika Teori Baru Mengenai Interpretasi"
Sean Ochan, "Pengantar Historisitas Wilhelm Dilthey"
http://seanochan.wordpress.com/2013/05/21/pengantar-historisitas-wilhelm-dilthey/
[2] Paul
Edwards, "The Encyclopedia of Philosphy" (London: Collier
MacMillan Publishers, 1967), Vol. 1-2, hal. 403.
[4]Sean Ochan, "Pengantar Historisitas Wilhelm
Dilthey"
http://seanochan.wordpress.com/2013/05/21/pengantar-historisitas-wilhelm-dilthey/, diakses 21 Mei 2013.
[5]E.Sumaryono, "Hermeneutik,
Sebuah Metode Filsafat", (Yogyakarta: Percetakan Kanisius, 1993), hlm.
43.
[7]E.Sumaryono. op.cit. hlm. 43.
[8]Muhammad Aji Nugroho,
”HERMENEUTIKAAL-QUR’ANHASAN HANAFI”, http:// www.e-bookspdf.org/download/hasan-hanafi.html , diakses 28 Agustus 2014.
[9]E.Sumaryono. op.cit. hlm. 47
[10]E.Sumaryono. op. cit. hlm. 46
[11]E.Sumaryono. op. cit. hlm. 48
[12]Richard E.Palmer, "Hermeneutika
Teori Baru Mengenai Interpretasi" , hlm. 116-117
[14]Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and
Method "Kebenaran dan Metode,Pengantar filsafat Hermeneutika" (
Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Offset, 2004). Hlm. 266
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